Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Erickson stages of child development Essay

Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. Erikson theory focuses on physical, emotional, and psychological stages of development. According to Erikson personality developed in eight developmental stages throughout life span and the need of each stage must be met or resolved before the move to the next stage. If individual needs are not met in a particular stage, it will affect the individual later in life. Erikson’s stages of development assessment findings of each age group and potential findings a nurse may discover includes: Infancy (birth to 18 months): Trust versus Mistrust. Children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon the consistency of their caregiver(s). If trust develops successfully, the child gains confidence and security in the world around him and is able to feel secure even when threatened. Unsuccessful completion of this stage can result in an inability to trust, and therefore a sense of fear about the inconsistent world. It may result in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and an over feeling of mistrust in the world around them. Early Childhood (2 to 3 years): Autonomy versus shame and doubt . Children begin to assert their independence, by walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to eat, etc. If children in this stage are encouraged and supported in their increased independence, they become more confident and secure in their own ability to survive in the world. If children are criticized, overly controlled, or not given the opportunity to assert themselves, they begin to feel inadequate in their ability to survive, and may then become overly dependent upon others, lack self-esteem, and feel a sense of shame or doubt in their own abilities. Preschool (3 to 5 years): Initiative versus guilt. Children assert themselves more frequently. They begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others. If given this  opportunity, children develop a sense of initiative, and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions. Conversely, if this tendency is squelched, either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt. They may feel like a nuisance to others and will therefore remain followers, lacking in self-initiative. School Age (6 to 11 years): Industry versus inferiority. Children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments. They initiate projects, see them through to completion, and feel good about what they have achieved. During this time, teachers play an increased role in the child’s development. If children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to feel industrious and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. If this initiative is not encouraged, if it is restricted by parents or teacher, then the child begins to feel inferior, doubting his own abilities and therefore may not reach his potential. Adolescence (12 to 18 years): Identity versus role confusion. During adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, etc. During this period, they explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity based upon the outcome of their explorations. This sense of who they are can be hindered, which results in a sense of confusion (â€Å"I don’t know what I want to be when I grow up†) about themselves and their role in the world. Success in this stage leads to an ability to stay true and being focused while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self or confused. Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years): Intimacy versus isolation. Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. We explore relationships leading toward longer term commitments with someone other than a family member. Successful completion can lead to comfortable relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression. Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years): Generativity versus. Stagnation During middle adulthood, we establish our careers, settle down within a relationship, begin our own families and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. We give back to  society through raising our children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. This leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment. By failing to achieve these objectives, we become stagnant and feel unproductive. Maturity (65 to death): Ego integrity versus despair. As we grow older and become senior citizens, we tend to slow down our productivity, and explore life as a retired person. It is during this time that we contemplate our accomplishments and are able to develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life. If we see our lives as unproductive, feel guilt about our pasts, or feel that we did not accomplish our life goals, we become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness. Summary of how nurses would handle physical assessment, examinations, education and communication differently with children versus adults. According to ( Javis 2012), Assessment is the collection of data about the individual health state. Edelman & Mandle ( 2010), defined health assessment as a tool used to detect health problem of an individual through proper physical examination, screening, health history which enable health care provider to have insight of the individual problem. Assessment helps in dictating the actual diagnosis by identifying the signs and symptoms of the disease, knowing the patient cultures and beliefs will also help in developing proper health care plan for effective care delivery and health promotion. According to (Javis 2012), Children are unable to relay information concerning their health problem compared to adults due to their developmental stage. The nurse depends on the parents or care givers to get health information relating to the children. The child observation and the parent interview should be well documented. According to (Javis 2012), performing health assessment to toddlers may not be easy; head to toe assessment in a toddler may not be in sequence. Patience is needed by the nurse in conducting physical assessment in a child. Nurses often gain good rapport with children by giving toys, paper and crayon to them. Nurses learning how to gain consent both in adults and in children will help in proper physical assessment of everyone and these includes: The skin: Assess for Birthmarks, pigmentation or color change, skin disease such as rashes, lesion and acne. Changes in the nail shape and bruises. Head: Assess for  hair texture, alopecia, head injury, dizziness and headache. Eyes: Assess for glasses use, the date of last eye visit to you doctor. Check for redness, drainage, pupil size, pupil reaction, cataract, glaucoma, pain. Ear: Assess for any ear problems such as drainage, myringotomy tubes in ears, cerumen, ringing in the ear. Nose and Sinuses: Assess for frequent cod, nose bleed, nasal stiffness and any allergies. Mouth and Throat: Assess for cleft lip and palate, caries, sores in the mouth, tongue and throat, mouth breathing, difficulty in chewing, swallowing and hoarseness voice. Neck: Assess for swollen glands and limitation of movements. Breast: Assess for any nipple discharge, pain or any breast disease. Preadolescents and adolescents ask questions like when did they noticed breast changes in their body. Respiratory: Assess for wheezing or noisy breathing, shortness of breath, chronic cough, croup or history of asthma. Cardiovascular: Assess the shape of the chest wall; auscultate to dictate normal heart sounds or abnormal heart sound such as murmur. Assess for heart palpitation, dyspnea on exertion, coldness in extremities and normal or abnormal blood pressure. Gastro-intestinal System: Assess for abdominal pain, frequent nausea/ vomiting, frequent bowel movements, the stool constituency diarrhea or constipation, use of laxatives, rectal bleeding and history of pinworms. Urinary System: Assess for history of urinary tract infection, oliguria/ polyuria, urine color. Ask for any planned toilet training for the child, when it started. Is the child bedwetting? Do you know if there is any factor associated with this? Male genital System: Assess the penis for pain. Check for lesions, drainage, swelling, hernia in the scrotum during crying. Preadolescents and adolescents boys assess for puberty changes and any sexual abuse. Female genital System: Assess for genital itching, vaginal discharges, and rashes. Check for sexual abuse. Preadolescents and adolescents ask if their menstruation has started. Sexual Health: Assess for sexually transmitted disease such as gonorrhea/ syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, HIV/ AIDS. Ask if the preadolescents or the adolescent are into a relationship involving sexual intercourse. Did she or he know about sexually transmitted diseases? Assess how a child reacts towards the opposite sex. Musculoskeletal System: Assess for bone and joint pain, swelling, arthritis, stiffness, limited movement, coordination and gait strength. Assess for muscle strength, pain, cramps, weakness, posture, spinal curvature. Neurological System: Assess for numbness and tingling sensation. Cognitive functions, mental retardations and cerebral palsy. Hematologic System: Assess for excessive bruising, swelling of the lymph nodes, exposure to toxic agents and radiations. Endocrine System: Assess the history of thyroid or diabetes disease such as excessive thirst, hunger or urination. Delay in puberty and abnormal hair distributions. Nurse should know the anatomy and physiology associated with body system to be able to differentiate normal findings from abnormal findings. Health assessment is performed according to developmental stages. The parents and care givers should relate important health information of a child to the nurse for effective health care delivery. All information gathered should be properly documented. References Erickson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development. Retrieved from http://allpsych.com/psychology/101/social_development.html. Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood. Retrieved: http://psychology.about.com/od/psychosocial.html. Javis, Carolyn. Physical Examination & health Assessment, (Saunders2012).Sixth edition Carole Edelman, Elizabeth kudzma, Carol Mandle. Health promotion throughout life span, 7th Edition ( 2010).

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Adult Learning Theory Paper Essay

Summary In an effort to determine how adults learn, experts examine and evaluate studies that have been done that involve the adult learner. The more that experts understand how the learner processes information, the better the understanding will be on how to structure their learning environment. Research is continually changing in this area, and educators know there are differences in how each adult learner attains information. In the two articles, â€Å"Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century† by Sharan B. Merriam, and â€Å"Adult Learning Theory: Applications to Non-Traditional College Students† by Kenner and Weinerman, different theories are discussed. In the journal article, â€Å"Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century† by Sharan B. Merriam, she explains that there are always new updates and research on adult learning theories. â€Å"Today the historical, sociocultural context of adult learning is recognized as a key component in understanding the nature of adult learning† (Merriam, 2008, p.94). This differs from the early decades where experts only focused on one type of learner. More attention is being placed on exactly how the adult learner learns in society than just as an individual. Adult learning was first thought of as a cognitive process, however currently it is thought of as a much â€Å"broader activity involving the body, emotions, and the spirit as well as the mind† (Merriam, 2008, p.98). Another theory of adult learning is shown in the journal article, â€Å"Adult Learning Theory: Applications to Non-Traditional College Students† by Kenner and Weinerman. This theory is about the adult learner and how she takes her work success and integrates it in her academic success. She uses her life experiences to help in her academic community. â€Å"By understanding what makes  adult learners different from traditional students, developmental educators can provide specific tools that help adult learners integrate into the college or university environment and increase their chances for success† (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011, p. 88). Since integration into a new academic environment can bring challenges, it is important that the educator understands the student’s history and can incorporate different learning styles in a successful way (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011). Both of these articles are similar in the fact that both of the authors’ goals are to better understand the adult learner. Both believe that there are differences in how adults learn and are focused on how to better understand and make the learner successful. The first article recognizes the changes in theory over the years and brings attention to new theories. It also touches on the fact that previous life experiences play a part in how one learns, which is the focus of the second article. The second article is more specific in the way that it focuses on a particular group of adult learners. Experts are continuing to understand the way the adult learner learns, and how to better meet the goals of their learner to make them successful in the academics. The way adults learn is continually changing, and the more knowledge that is gained, the more a learning environment can be structured to fit the needs of the individual learner. Reflection As an adult learner in the education world, the more knowledge that I have on the different ways I learn, the better I will be able to understand why and how I learn. I will be able to apply different theories to my everyday learning. This will help me have a greater understanding of how to incorporate this into my own work and everyday life. I can apply the first article â€Å"Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century† by Sharan B. Merriam, to myself because as the expert is continuing to gain knowledge and understanding on how adults learn, I then can take  that information and use it in my everyday academic career. Merriam states that adult learning is a multidimensional phenomenon, and I agree with that. There are many different ways I can learn, and I have to take into account that the cultures surrounding me can play a part in that. The second article, â€Å"Adult Learning Theory: Applications to Non-Traditional College Students† by Kenner and Weinerman, I think I relate to more because I did not go into college right away after finishing high school. Getting a college degree was not as important to me as going out in the work force and making money, or traveling and having the opportunity to be adventurous. I have a different learning style because of that, and in a way it can both help and hurt my learning. â€Å"Knowles identifies four principles that characterize adult learners† (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011). The fourth is that we are motivated, which I definitely am. We go back to school to achieve a personal goal that we have set for ourselves (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011). That is why I have decided to go back to school. Both of these articles show important theories on how the adult learns, but the second article resonates with my own personal experiences better. Merriam explains that there is a value to incorporate more creative ways of learning into practice (Merriam, 2008). I think that because I left school to pursue my own adventures, I did gain a different set of skills that I can now bring into my learning environment. I agree that I face challenges that differ from other students, but I also understand the plus side to taking the route that I chose (Kenner, Weinerman, 2011). In conclusion, there were both similarities and differences in these articles, and they both play a part in how an adult learns. I can take this knowledge and incorporate it into my learning, and also take my own personal experiences from life and replicate it into my academic career. These articles helped me understand why I learn the way I do, and how I can strive to be a better student now and in the future. Reflection Kenner, Carl & Weinerman, Jason (2011) Adult Learning Theory: Applications to Non- Traditional College Students. 41.2 Spring 2011, p 87-96 Merriam, Sharan. (2008) Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century. New Directions for Continuing Education. 119. 93-98. DOI: 10.1002/ace. Adult Learning Theory Paper Essay Summary The article â€Å"Engaging the Adult Learner Generational Mix† examines the adult learning through different generations. The author focuses on surveys that were given on two graduate classes. Some adult learners were in online classes, while others were in a hybrid class. The surveys were done in three different locations. In this article the author analyses three different generations’ Readiness to Learn, Orientation to Learning, and Motivation to Learn. The three generations of adult learners that are being examined are the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and the Millennia generation. In the Readiness to Learn section the author find that majority of the time when adult learners has enrolled in a course it is to benefit them in finding an answer in improving themselves. Adult learners of the millennial generation had the absences of interest or showed a specific need to know information. Generation X needed little prompting to sway them to learn. However, they need to feel that connection with other classmates and professors. The Baby Boomers also had a lack of readiness, mostly because they didn’t understand the material and it was unfamiliar to them. With the Orientation to Learning section the author find that the adults wanted to see how the information they are leaning applies to their life. When the Millennial generation can’t relate the information to their experiences they become disconnected. Generation X always tries to relate the new information that they are learning to their personal life. By doing this it make the course interesting to them. It is easy to see when a Baby Boomer is oriented with a subject. When they are oriented with a subject their answers are well thought out and are lengthy. For adult learners motivation to learn is external but more internal. Internally adult learners want to enhance self-esteem, gain confidence, or improve their lifestyle. The millennial has very little motivation about the class material; it is the instructors and classmates that motivate them. This is similar with Generation X adult learners; however the Generation X learners wants to be part of discussions and class activities. The Baby boomers are motivated when they are allowed to show what they have learned in the course. Reflection â€Å"Engaging the Adult Learner Generational Mix† by Laura Holyoke and Erick Larson was had great information. This article allows students to think about their generation and how they learn. It also helps instructors or professors to understand what are reasons that adult learners are in their course and how to motivate this students to do their best. This article is not just useful to college and university this is also use for trainers of workshops, training programs, or personal development. In this current economy adults have to learn new skills to gain employment. Knowing this, any type of educator will find this article useful. Sometimes it is so easy to put all adults in the same group. The authors states that to establish an environment for training and educational programs the educators or trainer must acknowledge students learning styles, values and what generation they come from (Holyoke & Larson, 2009). It is good to see how the culture of which the country was in effect the learning of adults. The three different generations co-exist in the workforce so it is logical that they would also exist in a higher learning environment. It is so true what the authors say about adult learners, when they stare adult learners experience a need to learn something in order to cope more satisfyingly with real life task or problems (Holyoke & Larson, 2009). Adults seem to already have a lot of responsibilities, so it is understandable for adult learners to go in to courses wanting specific answers to help improve their lives. Adults do not want to learn anything that is not going to benefit them in the present or the future, â€Å"Adults are life-, mission-, or problem-centered in their route to learning† (Holyoke & Larson, 2009). Knowing more about adult learners’ generation will help the engage the students learning, thus benefiting both student and educator. Reference Page Reference Holyoke, L., & Larson, E. (2009). Engage the Adult Learner Gerational Mix. Journal of Adult Education, 12-21. Sullivan, L. (2008). Meeting the Challenges of Teaching Multiple Generations in the Same classroom. Boston Unversity School of Public Health, 1-38.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Contemporary Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contemporary Leader - Essay Example He has genuine charm and a charismatic personality to capture his audience. His political motto â€Å"Change we can believe in† is attractive and believable and has already drawn several supporters from both the major political parties in the country – The Republicans as well as The Democrats, who advocate and promote his views and beliefs (Obama, 2008). His bipartisanship quality has the ability to bring the nation together and create a bond that would further strengthen the nation’s overall supremacy. His policies have the capability of bringing two of the nation’s biggest political parties – The Republicans and The Democrats together in terms of agreement and acceptance of his desired goals and visions. He has the required wisdom and intelligence to foresee the impact of certain political decisions, which is evident from his firm stand on the Iraq war issue. His strong leadership qualities are characterized by his exemplary vision for the nation which involves creating hope and maintaining the promises that the leaders make to the citizens of the country. His stand against the establishment on non acceptance of money, especially from special interest groups and beliefs in being upfront and ethical further strengthen his image as a leader and a visionary that America today, needs. However like several other contemporary leaders, Obama too has certain weaknesses such as lack of experience, his race, name, views on foreign policies, etc. Obama lacks largely on the experience factor. His political experience is far less than the other top tier politicians in the country. Moreover, his race might also prove to be a deterrent to probable voters, as African Americans, historically, have barely made it to the top. Also his unusual sounding name, Barack Hussein Obama, might confuse voters about his real identity and pass wrong messages raising doubts about his political

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Financial Management of the American Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ Essay

Financial Management of the American Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ - Essay Example Their similarities and differences will also be outlined. In order to evaluate how events in business entities affect the valuation of their stocks, it will also deem worthwhile to look at how the Former WorldCom Inc. Chief Executive Bernard Ebber's case affected WorldCom Inc., and the whole telecommunication industry. The origin of the American Stock Exchange can be traced back during the colonial times when "stockbrokers created outdoor markets to trade government securities." During 1921, the trading began to be conducted indoors with the hand signals developed remaining popular during transactions. Nowadays, the AMEX has evolved to become a trading platform not only for securities but options. The AMEX also specializes in trading Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) like Standard and Poor's Depository Receipt (SPDR) and Powershares, and hybrid or structured securities (AMEX.com 2006). On the other hand, NASDAQ, whose name is originally taken from the acronym National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, is the largest screen based equity securities market in the United States. It prides of having 3,200 listed companies which are recognized leaders in their industries. Its technical capability as well as reliability enables it to list more companies as well as gain the recognition of having the most number of shares traded per day (NASDAQ.com 2006). Both AMEX and NASDAQ are financial intermediaries aimed to transfer surplus funds from investors to companies by the trading of securities. In their profiles, it can be seen that they both facilitate the trading of stocks from companies. However, AMEX has long changed its core business of stock to option trading. Furthermore, AMEX also facilitates the exchange of other financials instruments like EFT and hybrid/structured securities. It should also be noted that stocks traded in NASDAQ are often more volatile and geared for growth like electronics and internet companies. On the other hand, AMEX is recognized to have more liberal policies on company listing attracting smaller, less established firms. Aside from the financial instruments traded, AMEX and NASDAQ also differ in other operational aspects. It should be noted that as opposed to AMEX which operates on a physical location, the transaction in NASDAQ occurs not on a physical trading floor but on a telecommunication network. IN AMEX, people are on the trading floor matching exchange buy and sell orders in behalf of investors. In NASDAQ, trading occurs directly between investors and their buyers and sellers, who are referred to as market makers. This is made possible by the technology installed by NASDAQ which elaborately and electronically connects companies. The AMEX is an example of an auction market where the highest bidding price is often matched with the lowest asking price while NASDAQ is a market maker or dealer that buyers and sellers go through to facilitate their transactions. The WorldCom, Inc. Fiasco WorldCom, Inc. once became the second largest long distance company in the United States after AT&T. However, the company suffered financially and finally filled bankruptcy in July 21, 2002. This event became so detrimental to not only to WorldCom but the whole telecommunication industry (MCI 2006). The fiasco was traced to the corruption of the company's former CEO Bernard Ebbers who accumulated wealth

How Does Film In the U.S Influence People Perception of Chinese Annotated Bibliography

How Does Film In the U.S Influence People Perception of Chinese Culture - Annotated Bibliography Example In this research, the article â€Å"Remade In Hollywood† serves as the primary source. Kenneth Chan is an associate professor and a director of film studies in the Department of English at the University of Colorado. His area of interests includes the Chinese cinema, Asian American films, cultural studies and the various movie genres. He is also on the editorial board of Journal of Chinese Cinemas. This makes him a credible source of information. The theme of Wuxia which is being implemented in the American movies is not a clear portrayal of the culture and often falls far from the branch. This is the reason that although these movies have received various awards in Hollywood industry yet they have failed to get appreciation from the Chinese audience. The only possible reason behind this might be because the director created the movies by keeping the audience in mind and did not pay attention to the cultural details and the sensitivity of the genre of the movie. Wuxia genre is governed by certain rules and regulations which only a true Chinese might understand and hence most of these movies are criticized by the purists. The paper is written with a clear set of mind and explains as to how the Wuxia tradition is shown in various Hollywood movies. The popular movies which are based on the Wuxia theme also show a misrepresentation of the Chinese culture as if the movies were directed keeping the audience in mind and not thinking about the Chinese people. This certainly creates a misconception among the viewers of such movies. The Wuxia culture is more than just fights and combats and hence these movies should have been made with a bit more research on the themes. This paper will help to form a strong base regarding the research.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Rhetorical Analysis on a speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetorical Analysis on a speech - Essay Example During the federal election in November, Anthony was able to convince the election staff in Rochester, New York to let her and a number of her female friends to register so that they can participate in the electoral exercise. The premise of their argument is that their group of women wanted to claim their right in the said election because it is expressed in the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, which supposedly takes precedence over the statute barring women to vote under the Constitution of New York. Four days after she casted her vote, Anthony was incarcerated and let out only after paying $1000 bail. And so triggered the important oratorical piece, â€Å"Is It a Crime for a Citizen of the United States to Vote?†, she would deliver that would contribute its part to the women’s suffrage movement then and later on. The Rhetoric The speech, as previously stated, is an excellent rhetorical piece. It can be classified as such because it was ve ry successful in impressing its audience by appealing to emotions, effectively driving them to action, to take the side of the speaker or change point of views. These are made more significant by the fact that the speech is a composed of a meager 538 words. Anthony took the podium, defending her actions during the elections, stressing that what she did is an assertion of her rights, which should be equal to any of the American citizens regardless of sex and ethnicity. She explained her position eloquently, citing the laws of men and the natural law, craftily steering the discourse on the issue of personhood – of whether women are persons as well. The idea is quite clever since the suggestion of the opposite would make women not persons, effectively relegating the side she was criticizing as unjust, to the point of barbarism so as to consider the female sex incomplete or not entirely human. To demonstrate the efficacy of the persuasive capability of the speech, I would outline three important elements present in Anthony’s persuasive speech – loosely based on the Aristotelian conception of what makes an effective rhetoric. First point is the fact that Anthony’s speech presented strong arguments. As with any form of persuasive text, it has sufficiently outlined several facts and verifiable information that supported each points made. For example, Anthony claimed that the right to vote is applicable to women as much as it covers men. She used excerpts from the American Constitution – a very credible resource that rightfully superseded all legal documents in the US. She was emphatic about the â€Å"we† and â€Å"citizen† words as expressed in the preamble of the Constitution as well as the in opinions of the legal luminaries of her time such as Webster, Worcester and Bouvier. Anthony was able to effectively draft a logical and natural argumentation as if women-voting is the most natural thing in the world and that to deny them such opportunity is like an aberration that could offend the lord Almighty, himself. Anthony, ended her speech with a question: whether women are persons, too. The answer is her most powerful argument, banking on the commonsensical answer that they are, indeed. And so what is the specific reason why women are to be denied the right of other persons –

Friday, July 26, 2019

Final Project For Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Project For Marketing - Essay Example It is of utmost importance to "know" the product that one wishes to sell (Marketing Yourself Assignment, pg 4) so that an effective and clear image of it can be shown easily to the potential employers and buyers. In this case, the product that is up for sale to the market is myself. How to demonstrate that I know myself as a product means that I must carry out an introspective and reflective analysis of my own capabilities and skills, and come to recognize what it is about me as product that will encourage or discourage potential employers to purchase me. The best way to delineate these positives and negatives about myself as a product is to make use of the SWOT analysis. The acronym SWOT stands for strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (Renault & Schultz, n.p); a major use of this tool is to expose the positive aspects of an organization and "potential problems" (Renault & Schultz, n.p). ... In terms of my educational strengths, I have completed my education up to an undergraduate level, and I have excelled in many extracurricular activities. Moving onto my weaknesses as a product, at times I can be inflexible about changing the course of project, I often try to establish myself in the most authoritative position in any business venture, and lastly I do not have a significant amount of work experience. Using the SWOT analysis like this will allow me the opportunity to brainstorm and ponder on what I am as a product and where I can go with my strengths and weaknesses (Renault & Schultz, n.p). Moving onto objectives, it is important to state what my purpose as a product is to achieve. As stated earlier, my aim as a product is to be part of an advertisement agency. Once I have stated my aim, I have to uncover what my target market is. Khan mentions that the target market is that part of the market that a company will provide services to (Khan, pg 60). There are two factors that should be considered when carrying out market targeting; the attractiveness of the market segment, and the "capability" of the company itself (Khan, pg 60). This means that I will have to supply my services to that part of the market that seems most attractive to me in terms of entry barriers, possibility of high growth rate, price sensitivity and size of that part, and so on, and in accordance with my current brand image and technological capabilities (Khan, pg 61). Once I have completed my market targeting, I have to advance to positioning; Khan defines this as the " art of creating the mental shelf space, which your company and its

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Ford Motor Company Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ford Motor Company Analysis Report - Essay Example The contingency perspective has been demonstrated with the technologies that are used along with the justification of their fitness in the organisational structure. In this regard, the structural problems have also been identified and analysed. The next part of the report demonstrates the cultural aspect of the organisation assessing its goals, norms and rules and how effectively the organisational structure fits into its present culture. Lastly, the report analyses the political perspective in the company while explaining the way in which power is distributed between stakeholders and managers. The project also proposes suitable recommendations based on the analysis of the above four perspectives and identification of the challenges. The Ford Motor Company is one of the largest manufacturers of automobile products in the world. The company had initially started with manufacturing twin cylinder engines which had a potential of 20mph. Later on, the company diversified into developing o ther models. The Model-T had become particularly popular since 1909 because of its price at $850, engine size, fuel consumption and speed in the range of 40-mph. The company had confronted an economic slowdown during the Second World War, but had gradually regained its potential since then. Even amidst very stiff competition, Ford has retained the topmost position with its constant production of innovative products. The worldwide popularity of the company can be attributed to its low price, innovative styles, enhanced production and customer satisfaction (Bryant University, 2004). Analysis Bureaucratic The Ford Motor Company, which is an America based multinational automaker, is located in... This essay stresses that the company has a proper hierarchical structure in which each ones’ roles and responsibilities are clear and well defined. The rules and regulations are designed by the top management and implemented at the ground level. However, this often becomes difficult for the global organisation to incorporate. Ford is a global organisation where the business units are located at different geographic locations. This is the reason why the company has been decentralising at rapid rate. It is recommended that there should be greater decentralisation efforts from the top management. It is not easy to control the entire business from one place. Each business unit must have a specific implementation and management control. This paper makes a conclusion that the company faces problems integrating the different cultures across the different global units. As the company has globalised, the bureaucratic structure has become increasingly obsolete. In order to create a single corporate culture, it is crucial for the top management to allocate power and authority to the individual managers. They should be accountable for implementing the culture, norms and regulations in the individual business units. Maintaining a single culture from a single location would be impossible. This is where the bureaucratic structure fails. Greater decentralisation and allocation of power and authority would be the most effective method of integrating the diverse culture of the global organisation and focussing one single and common norm.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The European Debt Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The European Debt Crisis - Research Paper Example The crisis accentuated the economic interdependence of the EU, as it highlighted the deficiency in the Eurozone’s political integration which was vital for the provision of a well-harmonized and effectual financial response. To ease the debt crisis and improve economic status, EU’s richest members encouraged the most highly indebted EU members to cut down on government expenditures and programs and to increase their taxes. Despite efforts, market instability continued until the end of 2011, thus questioning the future of the euro (Alessi). This paper will discuss the European debt crisis and the mitigation measures implemented to resolve the issues. The European Debt Crisis The  Maastricht Treaty outlined the conditions for European nations aiming to be a eurozone member by organizing its finances through guaranteeing an annual inflation not exceeding 1.5%; maintaining finance debits up to 3% of GDP; and keeping a debt-to-GDP ratio below 60%. The European nations agre ed to tighten budgets by decreasing public expenditures and increasing tariffs. However, the enforcement of the EU conditions was not strictly implemented (Wignall and Slovik). Since the 1930s, the European Union was in serious economic downturn with actual GDP expected to plummet by 4% in 2009, the biggest decline ever recorded in the EU history. While indications of improvement have been observed, economic revival stays improbable. The response of the EU to the recession had been fast. Besides the intervention to steady and restructure the banking sector, the European Economic Recovery Plan (EERP) was commenced in 2008 for re-establishing reliance and reinforcing demand by increasing the economy’s purchasing power through balanced tactical financial schemes and measures that would support the business and employment sectors. The entire economic incentive and the outcomes of regulated fiscal stabilizers total 5 percent of European GDP (â€Å"Economic Crisis in Europe: Cause s, Consequences and Responses†). The execution of crisis emergency measures by European members momentarily sustained the labor markets and heightened investments in the public infrastructure companies. To guarantee the economic resurgence and to continue the European nations’ future development possibilities, the focus must change from temporary demand administration to a long-term supply management, otherwise, it could hamper EU’s reformation or build damaging deformations to the Internal Market (â€Å"Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses†). European Crisis Mitigation Measures In 2010, the leading European nations implemented an emergency protocol to cease the mounting fiscal market strains arising from distress about the financial recovery of indebted European nations (Ahearn et al). Financial Aid to Greece, Portugal, and Ireland In 2009, existing alarms concerning the sustainability of household finances in some Eurozone nation s started when the sentiments of financiers turned against Greece. Over the past ten years, Greece had loaned deeply in the global capital markets to sustain soaring government expenses, banking system inflexibilities, and deteriorating competitiveness (Nelson). Access to funds at minimal interest rates and poor imposition of EU regulations regarding debit limits facilitated the onset of today’s European sovereign debt dilemma (Nelson et al). Greece, Ireland, and Portugal have been given considerable financial supports by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Eurozone and EU monetary

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Thematic Concerns in the Open Boat Research Paper

Thematic Concerns in the Open Boat - Research Paper Example Crane’s story provides the readers with a perfect blend of human suffering, their various behaviors and natures as well as the desolation that surrounds human beings. Although the dialect is simple and smooth flowing yet he captures essence of meaning and gives a close observation of the brutalities of the Mother Nature and human suffering. As Turchi and Baxter also states, â€Å"â€Å"The Open Boat† insists on moral truths. They are confounding moral truths and many readers will be frustrated that the wisdom of the work cannot be distilled, the themes stated plainly†. Some of the major thematic concerns that Stephen Crane incorporates in the story includeshuman bonding and relations,Man vs. Nature, unavailability of God and communication gaps. A common theme that recurs in most of Crane’s works is human bonding or relationships. It appears that the writer believes that in this world an individual cannot survive on his own as this world is an unfriendly place and human beings require some sort of weapon against the brutalities of nature and that weapon is an individual’s bonding with his fellow beings. This theme is excessively apparent from not only the setting of the story but also from the gradual plot progression. Crane creates a microcosm of mankind on the dinghy. Although initially the four survivors had nothing in common and there is a certain awkwardness that is observed amongst their behaviors yet it is observed that when they realize the unpredictability and the helplessness of their dire situation they form an unannounced brotherhood to survive the brutalities of Mother Nature. As it is also stated in the text as well, It would be difficult to describe the subtle brotherhood of men that was here est ablished on the seas.... there was this comradeship that the correspondent, for instance, who had been taught to be cynical of men, knew even at the time was the best experience of his life (61). Dersch effectively encapsulates the situation of these characters by quoting Ross Muffin’s words when he says, â€Å"‘the characters are determined by forces beyond their control’ humans are presented as ‘higher-order animals fully subject to the forces of heredity and environment and life in general is an inescapable trap’† (4). Hence the characters find solace in one another and even though earlier they had communication barriers yet they overcome them and act as one another’s support and right hand in the hour of need. For example it is clear from the manner in which the captain, the cook, Billie and correspondent take turns at rowing the boat. Then again when the correspondent is up alone and he say his desire for someone else to be awake a nd find solace in another individual’s company is a proof that Crane believes that human bonding is essential for survival. Communication gap that engulfs human race is another important thematic concern that Crane reiterates in the story to further highlight the disjunct and chaos that surround human beings. The fact that the people on the shore believed the people on dinghy were mere fishermen and the hope in the four survivors that they will be rescued yet their constant observation saying that, â€Å"Funny they don’t see us† (Crane 64) creates an ironic situation. It is as if human beings exist in their individual bubbles where they tend to keep to themselves. However when finally they do realize that their fellow beings are in need they do stand up to help one another. This theme further stresses the lonely existence of man in this

Monday, July 22, 2019

Explore Blakes Chimney Sweeper poems from the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience Essay Example for Free

Explore Blakes Chimney Sweeper poems from the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience Essay In this essay I am going to explore Blakes Chimney Sweeper poems from the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience. During this essay I will cover Blakes life and times and the way chimney sweepers get treated around that time and what Blake attempts to do about it. Blake was born on November 28 in the year 1757. His parents where strict but understanding. Blakes parents realised early in his life that Blake was gifted. He had an extremely active imagination and he often got visions. At only four years old he claimed he had seen God in one of these visions. Another time when he was with one of his friends he envisaged angels filling a tree. He horridly told his family what he saw but the response he got from his father was quite negative. His father threatened to whip him because he believed it was time for him to grow up. However his mother took Blakes side and when she asked him about it he stated that the angels took the form of his thoughts. This vision was stuck with him and was extremely influential in his life. Blake obviously had a gift for seeing things with his eyes and in his imagination. He used his artwork to express his experiences. When Blake turned ten years of age his parents decided to enrol him into a drawing school. Later on in his life Blake used his talent as an artist to become a apprentice engraver. Throughout Blakes life he had a dislike for nasty, unfair people especially towards those that had power and money like those in the government, and those that where associated with the church. Blake also could not stand power abusers and bad unfair treatment towards the poor, young and elderly. In the time of William Blake chimney sweepers went through a torrid time, it was as if they where young slaves. The age of the infants varied between five years old to the age of eight or nine if they could be fit up the chimneys. They where often bought off parents for as little a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2, in some cases however they may be purchased for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 but it is still a despicable price to pay for a young child. In the extreme cases the chimney sweepers where stole from familys. When the sweeps had lost the use around the age of seven they get passed over to the church. Blake despised the serious health problems the sweeps got from this demanding life of threatening work. Most sweeps after only a short time of working in the chimneys end up with twisted kneecaps, ankles and even spines from crawling up the extremely cramped chimneys. There was even such a thing as chimney sweeps cancer which they got from the soot irritating there skin. Again we can see why Blake hates the idea of chimney sweepers and there treatment, they are forced to do inhumane things that even animals would never be told to do. The master sweeps imbedded fear into the young brains and subjected them to clean chimneys. They where made to live in the most inhabitable of conditions. They often slept on soot bags in dirty wet cellars. The sweeps where forced to clean the chimneys if they refused or could not fit up the chimneys they where punished by the fire being lit, slaps, prodding with poles and various other instruments and pricking of the bottoms of their feet. All this just so the master sweep can make an easy living from the poor misfortune of innocent children. Blake strongly disagreed with the treatment of the sweeps so much he wrote two beautiful poems about their treatment, these featured in two separate books, Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. The first chimney sweeper poem is from the Songs of Innocence, Blake shows a strong message through his poems, and they sometimes come across light hearted like nursery rhymes. But often, if not all the time they have a dark sinister meaning. This is the beginning of Chimney sweeper 1 and straight away Blake invites the reader to feel sympathy for the situation the family is in. It shows how poor the family is, it gets so bad the father has to sell his child to get some money to keep the rest of the family going. This reflects on the state of working class people of that time. When my mother died I was very young, And my father sold me while yet my tongue. The boy is sold so young that it has not even developed the ability to speak properly; in the poem he Could scarcely cry weep! weep! weep! weep! The boy could be crying in this passage or he could be trying to say the word sweep but is unable because of his age. This is clever by Blake because the passage has a double meaning; this carries on throughout the poem. The effect of the first stanza is to bring the reader into perspective of what lengths of desperation the families go to, to earn a small amount of money. In the second stanza the audience is introduced to Tom Dacre, his hair is shaved off and Tom is very upset about this. Blake feels very strongly about the dehumanisation of people and shows this in his poems. Blake compares Tom to a lamb because a lamb is innocent like the chimney sweeps and is also a form of sacrificial animal so it is showing there inability to have there own personality and independence. Theres little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head, That curld like a lambs back, was shavd The final part of this stanza represents the pureness of Tom Dacre. The soot represents the master sweeps trying to make him impure but the white hair represents how innocent Tom is. The effect of this stanza is to bring across the innocents of the sweeps to the audience. Hush, Tom! Never mind it, for when your heads bare, You know the soot cannot spoil your white hair. The third stanza is when Tom has a dream; in his dream he has visions of thousands of dead sweeps. The coffins of black represent a enclosed environment with dead sweeps covered in black soot. Blake involves the fact that thousands of chimney sweepers died to once again show the audience what really goes on. That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, Jack, Were all of them lockd up in coffins of black. In Stanza four Tom Dacre is still in his dream and an Angel comes to set him free, this represents the chimney sweeps being liberated from their life of peril. And by came an Angel who had a bright key, And he opend the coffins set them all free Then Blake goes on in the conclusion of this stanza to contrast there life when they are trapped being made to go up chimneys, to being let to run free and be there own boss. It is everything they can not do when working as a chimney sweeper. Blake mentions that they wash in the river, this symbolises that they have left that dark past behind them and are moving on. This stanza has a light hearted mood and shows everything that the chimney sweepers can not have. In the fifth stanza Blake brings his feelings about the church through. The unfairness and manipulative abilities the church is shown in this stanza. And the Angel told Tom, if hed be a good boy, Hed have God for his father, never want joy. This means basically that if you do not sin you get to go to heaven. The angel represents the heartless church who manipulate through fear. This is what Blake is strongly against. In the final stanza of the first poem the boys go back to work after Tom wakes and have to work in poor conditions. And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark, And got with our bags our brushes to work. In the end of the last stanza Blake makes it seems as if it has finished on a high note, however Blake doesnt believe in this naive belief. So if they do all their duty, they need not fear harm. That was the first of the two chimney sweeper poems, throughout this poem Blake says one thing but if you look deeper into it, it has a much deeper sinister meaning. The second chimney sweeper poem is from the Songs of Experience this poem has a different angle that the first poem. Stanza one, The Chimney Sweeper 2 begins like this; A little black thing among the snow, Crying weep! weep! in notes of woe! Where are thy father mother? Say They are both gone up to church to pray. Blake represents the chimney sweeper in the first part, calling it A little black thing among the snow, To Blake the black represents the sweep all dirty and tainted. And calling it a thing dehumanizes the sweep. Blake wrote, A little black thing among the snow because the chimney sweeper is tainting society which is the white snow. Blake uses the same words from The Chimney Sweeper 1, in this poem for the same effect, to show the young boy upset, confused. Crying weep! weep! At this point in the poem the audience can not tell who is speaking. I believe it is the poor people; they are represented as chimney sweepers. The chimney sweeper is lost in society, represented by the snow. The government which is represented by the chimney sweepers parents is ignorant to reality. Blake has used the situation in the poem to express his feelings about politics of that time. Because I was happy upon the heath. And smild among the winters snow, The boy in the second poem has had more experience chimney sweeping and has come to terms that there is nothing he can do about it. He puts on a brave face and gets on with it, when compared to Tom Dacre in Chimney Sweeper 1 he doesnt have the naivety that Tom had. Once again I think Blake had another meaning that poor people represented as the chimney sweep are happy and they smile in society. They clothd me in the clothes of death, And taught me to sing the notes of woe. The parents of the chimney sweeper in this poem clothed there son and sentenced him to death when they decided to sell him to a master sweep. They made the boy cry when he had to leave and now he is alone and knows it. I think that Blake had another deeper meaning. I think the chimney sweeper represented poor people, they got clothed in the clothes of death by the chimney sweepers parents represented as the government. In the final stanza Blake goes on the attack at the church and the government he does this by provoking anger towards them through the unfairness of it all. And because I am happy dance and sing, They think they have done me no injury, In these lines Blake is how the chimney sweeper feels after his ordeal, putting on the front everything is ok when it is not. Going deeper into what Blake is trying to bring across is representation that the chimney sweep is the poor people again. The final two lines Blake attacks the church and the government, the chimney sweep is wise and is experienced and realises that the church and government exploit the poor so that they can make their own heaven out of the money from the society. And we gone to praise God his Priest and King, Who make up a heaven of our misery

Federalists Essay Example for Free

Federalists Essay Linda Kerber described the predicaments of the Federalists, a political party whose members feared that popular democracy might spin out of control. Although they both fostered economic development, the Federalists were aware that an urban grassroots would result. The believers of the Federalist Party believed that Jefferson’s approach to politics was naive. The early stages of industrialization and urban growth were providing the ingredients of a working class; already existing was an unpredictable class of permanently poor who might well be available for mob action. The God or the religious beliefs of the Federalists often appeared to behave like a fourth branch of Government. They believed that religious obligation would reinforce moral obligation and would make popular government orderly and stable. On the other hand the Jeffersonian supporters felt they should break down the barrier of habitual morality (religion), with the interruption of education, habit and superstitions they were confident they would have a more positive vice. Drew R. McCoy spoke of â€Å"The Fears of the Jeffersonian Republicans†. Jefferson and his supporters predicted the challenges for the future of the United States. They were fearful of creating a dependent class; he envisioned huge tracts of land being farmed by righteous residents of the young republic. In keeping their independence from the British they encouraged production â€Å"within our families†, but for the finer manufactures, they would continue to rely on importations from abroad. New forms of employment needed to be created in order to keep the moral and political advantages of America up. The largest fears were of an uprising of the working class people and independent revolutions. Ben Franklin recognized that corruption could result from both natural and artificial causes. Jefferson was always faced with the reality of his plan failing constantly reminded by the thought of the decline of the Roman Empire. I found this Chapter to be the hardest to read, I researched other sources to understand and get through the politics of this chapter. I found the internet website www. answers. com/topic/republicans-jeffersonian to be most helpful. The reading and rational was made for the freshman U.  S. History student. I was able to acknowledge the fact that the Federalists Convention was the process of breaking free from the British Empire. By the mid-eighteenth century a large proportion of adult white males in the colonies possessed the suffrage while also enjoying the privileges of a free press and some freedom of religious worship The colonies in other words, had grown apart from the mother country, their inhabitants had begun to think of themselves as Americans, and, not surprisingly, they proved unreceptive to attempts to bring them to strengthen.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Development of a Business

Development of a Business Executive summary The proposed business will be a Production business named as â€Å"Sangay Tissue† in production and sales of tissue papers under sole proprietorship. The business is to be set up at Bjimina in Thimphu at Bjimina as the location for main production and supply site for the business and there are more population and ease of transportation and communication to other regions. The business will produce soft tissue which is durable compared to the existing tissue and which is not yet produced by anyone in the country. SANGAY TISSUE will provide quality tissue at a very reasonable price than the existing tissue, which is imported from India and Thailand. The proposed business is to provide full satisfaction to the customers and meet their needs by providing high quality, and cost-effective product. The mission of the business is to have â€Å"Continuous improvement in products and services to meet the customers’ needs†. Generally the customers are divided into three categories and they are heavy users like hotels, restaurants, resorts and canteen which will be mainly focused by the business. Light users like high income earners will also be focused as they use it in their residents. The business will also target and encourage remote people to use the product but not forgetting the individual customers who use tissue. Being a monopoly firm, almost all the Dzongkhag where there are more numbers of hotels, restaurants, resorts and canteen are targeted. However, initially, Thimphu, Paro, Punakha and Phuntsholing will be the most targeted areas to sell the product, since large number of hotels and restaurants are running well in these places. Marketing strategy of the proposed business is to emphasize the quality of tissue paper and to keep the price as much as low to increase the sales volume and receive repeated customers. To get into international market and to use the resources available is the firm’s target, working towards achieving it is the firm’s patience, gaining fame and goodwill for the business is the firm’s destiny and keeping up with the same or in fact better, is the firm’s continuous vision.With the business philosophy, given integration of inputs, the first priority, taking into account is the customers satisfaction and with continuous innovations, SANGAY TISSUE hopes to establish long term and steady business relations with most purchaser from home and abroad and seek mutual development. Project Profile Proposed Business Name SANGAY TISSUE Proposed Business Type Production(sole proprietorship) Proposed Financing Nu. 20,00,000/- Sangay tissue’s Vision To get into international market and to use the resources available is the firm’s target, working towards achieving it is the firm’s patience, gaining fame and goodwill for the business is the firm’s destiny and keeping up with the same or in fact better, is the firm’s continuous vision. Mission The proposed business is to provide full satisfaction to the customers and meet their needs by providing high quality, and cost-effective product. The business mission is to have â€Å"Continuous improvement in products and services to meet the customers’ needs.† The following are also the missions of the business beside the mentioned one: After the few years from the day of the establishment, to produce different sizes of tissue in different design as per the desire of the customers, to meet their requirements. To make efficient and effective use of the resources available without causing any harm to the environment. Objectives The main objective of the project will be aimed towards self-sufficiency and independent which is one of the pillar of GNH and rather than relying and depending on other country for such a small product like tissue. Besides there are objectives as follows: Human objectives: To create employment opportunity for those who are unemployed. To help employees in gaining experiences and skills. Economic objectives: To reduce import in the country, this is likely to make the balance of trade favorable, thereby increasing the national income in the economy. To mobilize the available resources. Keys to Success 1. Project location Since it is located in the capital of Bhutan, it is expected to be very suitable for the business where the business can have easy and direct access to get the raw materials. The chosen location is also expected to bear the following advantages to run the business efficiently and successfully: The business can get the Bhutanese laborers easily at cheaper rate since there are many local places where there are many native people who are unemployed. 2. Competition There is no existing tissue company in the country till now but import of the similar product from the nearby countries is in fact a competition. So the competitor as such allows the business to upgrade or improve the product. 3. Availability of resources The resources for the tissue making are unwanted waste of books or paper from offices and schools and the forest (woods) which are easily available in the country. So the business need not worry about the availability of the resources (raw materials). It can be obtained easily at cheaper rate. Since the TEE PEE business is more focusing on recycling the paper waste, this can be the competitive advantage of the business. 4. Availability of labor As the proposed business firm will be located at the capital it will be easy to get labor at a cheaper rate since there are many constructions taking place in Thimphu so it will be easy to get labor. 5. Low selling price The business is planning to sell its product at a low price compared to the competitors since the business don’t spent more money on the raw materials because the materials for the tissue production are easily achieved and the labor are also easily available in the capital (business location). SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Advanced tools, equipments and Machine. Location of the Business. Weaknesses Lack of sufficient business information and research. Difficult to familiarize the brand name of the product. Initially, the business cannot produce variety of tissues in terms of style and design. Opportunities Can sell the product throughout the country. Can easily find the regular customer. Good labor supply. No competition. Availability of resources at cheaper price. Threats Competitor may arise. May lead to price war after existence of competitor. Forest rule and regulation. 1. Strengths Advanced tools, equipments and machine. Since the production is comprised of quite long procedure for which each machine is allocated for doing each work, these will make task easier and job gets done quickly and efficiently which will reduce manual work. Following such quality process will not only lead to mass production but it will also lead to division of work and so possibility of specialization, which will increase workers productivity. Location of Our Business. As the location is going to be located at the capital, the working atmosphere will be suitable since there will be ease of raw material and consumer. The place is very suitable because we can get raw materials nearby where the business need not have to bear much transporting charges. The business can get skillful labors from that region since people of that region have already got work experience. 2. Weaknesses Lack of sufficient business information and research. Since the proposed business is the first firm producing tissue in the country, the business doesn’t have any reference to look at the existing firm’s experience. Lack of information and experience can makes the business less confident in decision making and investment. Therefore, the business has to do lots of research to test itself which requires some investment, involving higher risk in leading to unproductive result. Difficult to familiarize brand name of our product. Even though the business is a monopoly in producing tissue, the business cannot differentiate the product from existing firm, since the business has to use same machine. Initially, the business cannot produce variety of tissue in terms of design and style. 3. Opportunities Can sell our product throughout the country. Being a monopoly business, the firm can sell its product throughout the country. And in every Part of the country where there are restaurants and hotels, where the business can supply the product to them. The business can easily find regular customers. No competitors. Being a monopoly firm there will be no competition in the market unless new firm arises. So the business can win over the full share of the market for the product, therefore continuous mass production is possible. 4. Threats Competitors may arise. Since resources are available and after studying the firm’s new competitors may arise with new innovative and improve product and compete with the business in the market. Operational Plan for SANGAY TISSUE is as follows: 1. Equipment Si. No. Description 1 Pulper 2 Breaker 3 Beater / refiner 4 Washer 5 Refining equipment 6 De-flaking equipment 7 Screen 8 Cleaners 9 Four drainer machine 10 Head box or flow-box 11 Press 12 Dryer 13 Reeling, winding and sheeting equipment, 14 Handling equipment 15 Size press Machine 16 Cutting machine 17 Laboratory equipment 18 Auxiliary equipment 19 Boiler Capital items Cost in Nu. Machine Set (15,00,000+20% tax) 18,00,000 Computer and printer 20,000 Furniture, fittings and fixture -Table (3) 3000 -Chair (6) 4200 -Curtains 3000 Telephone (2) 4000 Modem 2000 Total 18,36,200 3. Tissue paper production process The raw materials (waste paper, waste cartoon, recycled paper) can be easily obtained from everywhere within Thimphu or other Dzongkhags. The intended business can obtain the waste paper or books from schools and offices, waste cartoon and other papers (Kuensel, newspaper, etc) from shops or resident. In order to convert the raw material into finished product a set of tissue paper machine is required which is the main and the basic asset of the business. So the proposed business will import all the materials needed from china as china deals in these tissue making machineries at an affordable price. The glue and the chemical needed will be purchased from India. As the proposed business is a partnership business with 5 partners, each partner will contribute some amounts and the rest will be taken loan from the bank. So basically the key supplier of all the machineries required will be China, India and the supplier of finance will be the five partners and the bank. Whereas the suppliers of raw materials would be the schools, shops, households and offices. The whole set of tissue production machineries will be purchased from Zhengzhou city Henam, China. One of the company officials can either go there or buy machineries or the company will deliver the machine within 30 days after fulfilling certain criteria which is much cheaper compared to the first option. About the glue and the chemical, it can be easily purchased from India. Diagrammatic representation of the whole process Firstly the raw materials for the proposed business are paper waste which will be easily available from schools, shops, household and offices. Paper waste includes books (text books, note books, magazines, etc), papers (newspapers, Kuensels, etc) and cartoon boxes which are useless. The second process is to collect them from the places mentioned above. These materials are also transported from different Dzongkhags to help keep environment clean and then the materials collected will be sorted out. The third process would be to clean the materials and recycle them to use for the next process. The fourth process will be to make the cleaned and recycled materials into pulp by using the chemicals and the glue. In the next process the pulp will be the raw material for the production process and it will go through various machines. There will be some more process namely, coloring the tissue into various colors and then the tissue will be cut into different sizes (refer appendix 1.ii) and this process will give the final output. SANGAY TISSUE will be produced as the finished good. After achieving the final product the tissue paper will be distributed to the customers such as shops, restaurants, hotels and individuals. It will be made known to the customers through advertisement on local channels, newspaper and internet where the business will create its own account or web page. Market analysis for SANGAY TISSUE Product description. Types of tissues. The types of tissues that SANGAY TISSUE will be producing are: Napkin (which will be mostly used by hotels and canteens) Toilet paper roll. Wet tissue (which will be produced in future) Types of packaging. Colour. Description/quantity Small Pink, White, Light blue, Yellow. The small package will contain 6 Number of toilet paper roll.(3 ply roll) Medium Pink, White, Light blue, Yellow. The medium package will contain 12 Numbers of toilet paper roll.(3 ply roll) Large Pink, white, Light blue, Yellow. The large package will contain 24 Numbers of toilet paper roll.(3 ply roll) The reason behind producing this particular product are: To use the waste paper in an efficient way. To reduce import and increase the export. To give value addition to the waste papers. To maintain healthy environment. 2) Target market SANGAY TISSUE production firm will be focusing 30% on hotels and 30% on restaurant as well. It is because more number of tissue paper is used by these two sectors. At present there are more number of hotels and restaurants in different Dzongkhags, in future there seem to be more restaurants and hotels coming up so that is why the business will sell 60% of its total product to restaurants and hotels. Another reason for selling more than half of the product to restaurants and hotels is that the amount of tissue is imported more by these sectors and the business’s target sectors are restaurants and hotels. 25% of the product will be available in the shops particularly in those Dzongkhags where there are more restaurants and hotels. From the shop anyone who wants to buy tissue paper can easily get it. Shops would be one of the channels of the proposed business to sell its product to the customers. 3) Competitive analysis The proposed business has many indirect competitors of tissue product that are imported from different countries (such as India, Thailand, China and etc) with price ranging from 25 to 55 and it is also available in different colors. The raw materials used by SANGAY TISSUE is the waste papers so therefore another indirect competitor can be the use of waste papers by the shopkeeper for the purpose of raping doma, the rural people using waste paper for sanitary purpose and the Greenery way using the waste materials for the recycling purposes. Marketing strategies 1. Product SANGAY TISSUE’s tissue paper will be eco-friendly tissue paper. This product will have no harm on the eco system since it will be entirely made by using waste paper so there is no cutting down of forest and moreover the raw materials used are the waste papers. There will be reduction in environment pollution because the proposed business will be making good use of all the waste papers. 2. Promotion In order to make SANGAY TEE PEE’s tissue paper known to the general public, the business will be distributing pamphlets to the people and the business will hire some dancers from the dance academy and attract many people through this process. At the end of the dance the employees of the business will distribute free samples to the people. The business will even advertise its product in the local channels. There will be a website created under the business’s name so that if anyone is interested in buying online, they can just contact the concerned people through it and get the product. There will also be free gifts provided when buying in bulk such as if anyone buys the large packet there will be a small packet free with it. 3. Place The product will be available from the retailers, wholesalers and shops. It will be available online on the company’s web site if the company generates sufficient revenue to diversify its operations efficiency. The business will also be selling the product directly to the customers. 4. Price The business will be demand oriented and competition oriented. The business will give more importance to the customer and focus on consumer taste and preferences. The business will use other competitors as a bench mark to fix the price of the product and will follow the pricing strategy of the competitors. 5. Exit strategy There is no guarantee that a business will be a success. If ever the proposed business fails or is not successful then the business will be liquidated in order to pay back the suppliers and the banks. The machineries will be sold to other production company who are carrying out the same production or the company will give the machineries in rent on monthly or yearly basis. The proposed business’s slogan Conclusion Since the intended business is operating within the country there will be creation of job opportunities for the Bhutanese people. By setting up of such business there will be reduction of import and the business can supply the product to the border area of India, which will help the government to generate the revenue. The resources for making tissues are unwanted waste of books or paper from offices and schools. There will be reduction in environment pollution because the proposed business will be making good use of all the waste papers. The business is focusing on recycling the waste paper and giving additional value to the waste which can be the competitive advantage for the business. The Product will have no harm on the eco system since it will be entirely made by using waste paper and won’t cut a single tree. So therefore due to this there are chances that the government may support the intended business like greener way company. The intended business has every opportunity to grow and expand in the future the company will tend to continue and expand with the team spirit and loyalty to customers with the quality product that the business is launching in the market. The product will give full satisfaction as it will satisfy the customers in matters of color, size, brand, technology and quality.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Hinduism Essay -- Religion India Expository Essays Hindu

Hinduism Introduction Hinduism - stands for the faith and the way of life most of the people who live in India.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism is such an ancient religion that it had many types of beliefs and religious practices. Around 1750 BC Aryan invaders from central Asia settled in North - West India and introduced their own religious ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slowly the Hindu came to accept the idea of the existence of an eternal supreme being. They called this being, Brahman. Hindus also worship different gods which individually represent one particular aspect of Brahman. The most popular one of the lesser gods are Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer) Hinduism has no founder. It is a religion that has slowly developed over a period of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hindu Beliefs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hindu Gods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hindus have four gods Brahman, Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. There main god is Brahman. He is the origin and the sustainer of all life, and the goal of all things. He is eternal and omnipotent and only he is real. They believe that Brahman is so great that he cannot be explained in human words because all humans are imperfect and Brahman is perfect. Shiva   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shiva is usually depicted with six arms each one representing a different function to preform. He is known as the destroyer and restorer of life, symbol of the reproductive force of nature, philosopher and sage. He has a third eye which signifies wisdom or higher consciousness. He has a blue throat which is a result of him swallowing a full cup of mans sins. Worship of Shiva includes fertility rites and veneration of the symbols of male and female sex organs. Most Hindus imagine Shiva as being in deep meditation high in the Himalayas. Shiva is the ultimate god who holds in divine tension the preservation and destruction of the cosmos, both its birth and death. At times he is portrayed as the great ascetic. He is often depicted as the reconciler of dualities such as good and evil, eroticism and asceticism, his creative energy is depicted in the Lingam and Yoni. Shiva is frequently shown in loving union with his consort Parvati (another form of the great goddess)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shiva devotees are called Shaivites, and devotion usually takes the form of Yogic practice. Shiva is often pictured, in one of the best known religious images from India, as the lord of the cos... ...in January-February and lasts thirty-six hours. The name of this festival means "night sacred to Shiva", because worship goes on throughout the night. Compared to other festivals it is a solemn occasion marked by fasting. Some devotees of Shiva do not sleep, eat or drink for the thirty-six hours. During the night Shiva is worshiped with singing and dancing in shrines dedicated to the god. In the shrine is a small stone pillar representing the god Shiva around which people assemble and perform puja. Offerings are made by pouring milk, honey and melted butter over the linga. When the fast ends at about four o'clock much feasting follows with sweet potatoes and cucumbers among the many foods eaten. The people remember a story which helps to explain why they fast and keep watch throughout the night. The story tells of a hunter who was once chased by a tiger, he climbed a tree to escape, and he had to perch the whole night as the tiger crouched below. To make sure he did not fall asleep he plucked the leaves one by one and dropped them on the ground. There was an image of Shiva under the tree, as the leaves fell Shiva felt he was being worshiped and blessed the hunter.

Friday, July 19, 2019

The Wright brothers invent the airplane :: essays research papers

About one hundred years ago the planet earth was a much smaller place. On December 17, 1903 the Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville, made history when they took off in flight and invented the first airplane. This is how the planet earth began shrinking geographically making it easier and quicker to travel over long distances. Wilbur was the older of the two brothers by four years. Wilbur was born in 1867 on a farm near Millville, Indiana and Orville was born in 1871 near Dayton, Indiana. As youngsters, Wilbur and Orville looked to their mother for mechanical expertise and their father for intellectual challenge. Milton, their father, brought them various souvenirs and trinkets he found during his travels for the church. One such trinket, a toy helicopter-like top, sparked the boys' interest in flying. In school, Wilbur excelled, and would have graduated from high school if his family had not moved during his senior year. A skating accident and his mother's illness and subsequent death kept him from attending college. Orville was an average student, known for his mischievous behavior. He quit school before his senior year to start a printing business. The two brothers were very intellectual and smart, but both did not ever get their high school diplomas. It just goes to show that even two of the best minds in our history didn’t have to go to college or even finish high school to become these great minds. The first time Wilbur and Orville referred to themselves as "The Wright Brothers" was when they started their own printing firm at the ages of 22 and 18. Using a damaged tombstone and buggy parts, they built a press and printed odd jobs as well as their own newspaper. In 1892, the brothers bought bicycles. They began repairing bicycles for friends, then started their own repair business. They opened up a bicycle shop in 1893, and three years later, made their own bicycles called Van Cleves and St. Clairs. While nursing Orville, who was sick with typhoid in 1896, Wilbur read about the death of a famous German glider pilot. The news led him to take an interest in flying. On May 30, 1899, he wrote to the Smithsonian Institution for information on aeronautical research. Within a few months after writing to the Smithsonian, Wilbur had read all that was written about flying. He then defined the elements of a flying machine: wings to provide lift, a power source for propulsio n, and a system of control.

Spanish American War :: essays research papers

The Spanish and American War The Americans were brought into The Spanish and American War on February 15,1898. The Americans came into this war because a naval boat of ours called the Maine was blown up. On that boat, 327of our sailors were killed in the explosion. With this explosion, the navy used it by having a slogan ,â€Å"Remember the Maine,† to get volunteers into the navy to help fight. We though that the Spanish were to blame for blowing up our ship. But, really there was something wrong with the engine which lead to the big explosion. This was not found till they lifted the ship out of the water in 1911. When this happened many newspapers journalist {yellow journalism} took advantage of the explosion and wrote whom they thought did the explosion or who did the people want it to be. One of these newspaper tycoons was William Randolph Hearst. He took great advantages of the war and stretched the truth to the extreme. He did this just to sell more newspapers and to make money. Hearst went over in h is personal boat and took pictures in Cuba of poor and starving people there. He even captured a couple of the Spanish soldiers and turned them over to the Americans. America fought because we had big money in Cuba. All together we had over a $250 million dollars invested there with sugar and other materials that we did not what to be destroyed. We also had $100 million dollars invested in the tobacco plantations, and $50million in transportation. Our president at that time was William McCleain. He did not want to get in this war because he hated war. But when he did he decided to take some other thing that we need also. These things are the Philippines, Guam, and Portico for navel passages. On April 11,1898 McCleain gave a speech to congress for war, and they approved it. The war looked in big favor for the Spanish because they had an army of 400,000 men and we only had only 28,000 men, but this changed after congress declared war. The national guard got 1million recruits during the war, this was the highest ever. In the war there were two generals from the Civil War. These guys are William Shaft who weighed 320 pounds. He had to get a special tub and had to be hoisted up onto his horse.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Business of Tourism

Globalization the process, accelerated by communication technologies, of turning the world into a single community & In particular, a single market. It has been described as ‘boundlessness'. Structural change a temperamental transformation tot some activity or institution which brings about a change in its essential quality. Or structure. It Is permanent, there Is no return to the prior level or state. Temporary change an alteration in a certain measure or condition In an activity of institution to which it is likely to return later.Causes for structural change globalization, competition, economic crisis, health crisis, social changes, customer preferences, war/ terrorism. Tourism market consists of all potential customers sharing a particular need/want, who might be willing/able to satisfy it by buying a tourism product. Sustainable development achieving growth In a manner that does not deplete the natural & built environment & preserves the culture of the local community.Sust ainable tourism all forms of tourism development, management & operations that malting the environmental, & concern Integrity & well being of natural, built ND cultural resources, Socio cultural a term used to Indicate impacts bringing about change to a social organization of a group of people as well as more fundamental reorganization of society organization. Sustainable transport doesn't harm the environment, or use resources that cannot be replaced_IEEE. Cleaner trucks/cars- alternative engines, alternative fuels (unleaded) non combustion systems.Reducing aircraft emissions-technology advances, regulations, air traffic management, dealing with noise-creating footprints e. G. Aircraft Boeing has a footprint of 14 SMS squared, airbus AAA noise footprint 1. Km squared. Travel ; tourism industry the aggregate of all businesses that directly provide goods and services to facilitate business, pleasure ; leisure activities away from home environment (smith 1988) Impacts of tourism = eff ects of tourism * Positive impacts = benefits of tourism * Negative impacts = costs of tourism * Impacts are often referred to as Sculptural Impacts, Environmental Impacts, Cocoon Impacts. Model a theoretical system of relationships, which tries to capture the essential elements In a real word situation. Modes are useful tools for general analysis, discussion and as an aid to understanding more complex systems. System an assemblage or combination of things or parts forming a complex or unitary whole. Descriptive models replicate selected features of a situation ; alma to show how It operates. Predictive models rearrange a descriptive model so that causes ; outcomes can be determined, predictive modes prescribe a pathway towards a certain outcome.Planning models allow for alternative course tot action to be evaluated. Key issues of models aim to simplify reality, select key issues to prevent ; explore, they deed to be applied, tested and reviewed regularly to maintain relevance. Poli cy – outlines a series tot desired outcomes and objectives (values) Planning – Examines alternative method of reaching those objectives Tourism Policy and Planning – For both the sort ; long term Is required to balance all stakeholders wants and needs Unplanned Tourism – Uncommon, unpopular, unwanted.Unhappy most community Has social/environmental/economic impacts Visitor Management – The strategies ; action programs used to control ; influence tourism supply and demands to achieved fines policy goals Planning ; operational techniques – site management ; people management Selective – Targeting visitors who are socially and economically more attractive to a destination or other destination Demarcating – Marketing designed to reduce or regulate the number of people visiting a location Objective – Specific, measurable results that an organization plans to achieve in a given period Strategies – the meaner of achieving objectives Tourism Involves: psychology, sociology, economics, anthropology, business administration, geography, ecology, law and education.Industry – Refers to a group tit similar economic output in terms of product Tourism Industry – Described in both terms of the production and consumption of goods and services Businesses in Tourism Industry Primary Trade – Transport, Hospitality, attractions, activities and retail Business indirectly involved – Petrol stations, bakeries, car dealer, banks, newsagents rent – Heavily involved but not included as part of the industry Tourism: The sum of government and private sector activities which shape ; serve the needs and manage the consequence of holiday and business travel the central activities so the overspent and private sector include promotion planning, providing services and preventing impacts Hospitality – Specifically refers to a focus on provision of accommodation and commercial catering se rvices Tourist – A person who travels from place to place for non work reasons. Promotion – Structure in the generating region: ticketing services, travel agents, tour operators.Need to influence potential tourists Transport – All meaner of traveling within the destination Infrastructure – Development that provides for tourism (ranging from large to small) Markets and destinations Markets are where the tourists are before they reach the destination * Market demand is affected by needs and wants * Markets need to be identified and defined * Information about the market needs to be gained Destination – the place that tourists visit and experience Key Characteristics of service – 1. Intangible (can't be sampled) 2. Inseparable (provider is part) 3. Variable (Individual experience) 4. Perishable (can't be warehoused) 6 Steps for Segmentation of Tourist Demand: 1. Identify 2. Profile 3. Rank 4. Select 5. Assign Priorities 6. Access Target Market Models can be: descriptive, predictive, prescriptive and planning

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Code of Ethics. Audit – 1

INTRODUCTION engrave of moral philosophy is a very important discipline in each and every vocation and in accountancy profession it is more vital. The accountancy profession has a impertinent replete c atomic number 18. On the one hand comptrollers be seen as pillars of a society, providing reliable development in there proceedinging lives and playing as a treasurer for assorted open allowance conceptions, NGOs, banks, educational institution or local organizations in their tautological of time.Chartered Accountants ar also seen as an self-sufficing justifier regarding the financial implementation and executeivities of private and public organizations audited by them that recruit the confidence level of different determination makers. The otherwise side of the coin is the image of aggressive tax schemes, financial s discountdals and specie la chthonicing. Code of morals establishes the important rules of skipper ethics for nonrecreational controls and provides a epideictical guideline for passing those principles. nonrecreational comptrollers are needful to keep re subdivision and apply this Code of ethics to identify threats to compliance with the radical principles, to evaluate their significance and, if much(prenominal) threats are other than clearly insignificant to apply safeguards to eliminate them or reduce them to an delicious level such that compliance with the underlying principles is non compromised. WHAT honest motive IS Normally ethics is set of beliefs and thoughts of a person about(predicate) what is right and wrong. In other speech communication ethics can be be as a set of team spirit principles or values.Ethics, also known as moral philosophy is a emergence of philosophy that addresses questions about moralitythat is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, justness and vice, justice, etc. WHY CODE OF ETHICS NEED The swear outs provided by superior restrainers stand greater involve ment with the public saki. Beca intake it is necessary for governments, shareholders, trading partners, management and either other s final paymentholders, that the financial and other reports and development provided by comptrollers are reliable and can be phthisisd by others as they go about their daily lives.Accountants release creates major impacts in the national deliverance through capital hybridisationet as well as r reddenue entreaty for public expenditures (taxes). There is a triplet party involvement in keep mum of controls work therefore master controllers should admit independence, integrity, objectivity and compliance with other estimable issues. CODE OF ETHICS FOR maestro ACCOUNTANTS The world(prenominal) Federation of Accountants (IFAC) issued label of ethics chthonic its own pronouncement, high quality ethical standards and other pronouncements for master copy accountants for use almost the world.This Code of Ethics establishes ethical require ments for captain accountants. This code consists of Fundamental Principles and Threats and Safeguards. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES A skipper accountant is necessitate to conform to with the following fundamental principles Integrity objectiveness Professional competence and due tuition Confidentiality Professional behavior INTEGRITY A passkey accountant should not pull up stakes bias, involvement of interest or baseless lick of others to override professed(prenominal) or trade creative thinkers.The principle of integrity imposes an agreement on all overlord accountants to be straightforward and honest in original and pedigree relationships. Integrity also implies sportsmanlike dealing and truthfulness. A master copy accountant should not be boyfriendd with reports, returns, Communications or other reading where they believe that the breeding a) Contains a materially false or misleading statement b) Contains statements or info furnished recklessly or (c) O mits or obscures entropy required to be include where such omission or humbleness would be misleading.OBJECTIVITY A professional accountant should not allow bias, conflict of interest or unfounded influence of others to override professional or line of business minds. The principle of objectivity imposes an obligation on all professional accountants not to compromise their professional or business shrewdness because of bias, conflict of interest or the undue influence of others. A professional accountant whitethorn be exposed to situations that may impair objectivity. It is impracticable to define and inflict all such situations.Relationships that bias or unduly influence the professional judgment of the professional accountant should be vitiateed. sea captain COMPETENCE AND DUE CARE A professional accountant has a chronic employment to go on professional friendship and skill at the level required to ensure that a lymph gland or employer receives competent professiona l service ground on current developments in practice, mandate and techniques. A professional accountant should act diligently and in amity with relevant technical and professional standards when providing professional operate.The principle of professional competence and due contend imposes the following obligations on professional accountants (a) To introduce professional association and skill at the level required to ensure that lymph glands or employers receive competent professional service (b) To act diligently in unity with applicable technical and professional standards when providing professional services. Competent professional service requires the employment of sound judgment in applying professional knowledge and skill in the transaction of such service.Professional competence may be divided into 2 develop phases (a) Attainment of professional competence and (b) alimony of professional competence. The maintenance of professional competence requires a continu ing aware(p)ness and an reasonableness of relevant technical professional and business developments. continue professional development develops and maintains the capabilities that enable a professional accountant to realize competently within the professional environments. practical application encompasses the accountability to act in accordance with the requirements of an assignment, carefully, thoroughly and on a punctual basis. A professional accountant should take steps to ensure that those working under the professional accountants authority in a professional competency have appropriate training and supervision. Where appropriate, a professional accountant should make guests, employers or other users of the professional services aware of limitations inherent in the services to avoid the misinterpretation of an expression of opinion as an assertion of facts.CONFIDENTIALITY A professional accountant should attain the mysticality of information acquired as a result of pr ofessional and business relationships and should not disclose any(prenominal) such information to trey parties without proper and specific authority unless there is a legal or professional right or debt instrument to disclose. Confidential information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships should not be used for the personal emolument of the professional accountant or third parties.The principle of confidentiality imposes an obligation on professional accountants to refrain from (a) Disclosing outside the firm or employing organization confidential information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships without proper and specific authority or unless there is a legal or professional right or duty to disclose and (b) Using confidential information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships to their personal advantage or the advantage of third parties.A professional accountant should maintain confidentiality even in a social environment. The professional accountant should be alert to the possibility of inadvertent disclosure, particularly in circumstances involving hanker association with a business associate or a close or immediate family member. A professional accountant should also maintain confidentiality of information break by a prospective client or employer. A professional accountant should also consider the need to maintain confidentiality of information within the firm or employing organization.A professional accountant should take all reasonable steps to ensure that staff under the professional accountants control and persons from whom advice and assistance is obtained respect the professional accountants duty of confidentiality. The need to comply with the principle of confidentiality continues even after the end of relationships between a professional accountant and a client or employer. When a professional accountant changes employment or acquires a new(a) client, the profess ional accountant is entitled to use prior experience.The professional accountant should not, however, use or disclose any confidential information either acquired or certain as a result of a professional or business relationship. PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR A professional accountant should comply with relevant laws and regulations and should avoid any action that discredits the profession. In marketing and promoting themselves and their work, professional accountants should not bring the profession into disrepute. Professional accountants should be honest and truthful and should not a) Make exaggerated claims for the services they are able to offer, the qualifications they possess, or experience they have gained or (b) Make disparaging references or unsubstantiated comparisons to the work of others. THREATS AND SAFEGUARDS THREATS Compliance with the fundamental principles may potentially be endanger by a broad project of circumstances. Many threats fall into the following categories (a) opportunism threats, which may betide as a result of the financial or other interests of a professional accountant or of an immediate or close family member b) Self- survey threats, which may go on when a front judgment call for to be re-evaluated by the professional accountant responsible for that judgment (c) Advocacy threat which may occur when a professional accountant promotes a position or opinion to the file that subsequent objectivity may be compromised (d) Familiarity threats, which may occur when, because of a close relationship, a professional accountant becomes withal sympathetic to the interests of others and e) Intimidation threats, which may occur when a professional accountant may be deterred from acting objectively by threats, actual or perceived. SAFEGUARDS According to the code of ethics there are two general categories of safeguards 1. Safeguards created by the profession, legislation or regulation 2. Safeguards within the work environment. Examples of s afeguards created by the profession, legislation or regulation ? educational training and experience requirements for entry into the profession. ? Continuing professional development requirements. Corporate ecesis regulations. ? Professional standards. ? Professional or regulative monitoring and disciplinary procedures. ? External review by a legally charge third party of the reports, returns, communication or information produced by a professional accountant. Examples of safeguards in the work environment ? Involving an additive professional accountant to review the work done or otherwise evoke as necessary. ? Consulting an independent third party, such as a committee of independent directors, a professional regulatory carcass or another professional accountant. Rotating aged personnel. ? Discussing ethical issues with those in charge of client governance. ? Disclosing to those charged with governance the nature of services provided and extent of fees charged. ? Involving an other firm to fare or repertory part of the engagement. decision The importance of professional ethics is that in order for accountancy services to be meaningful, the public must self-assurance accountants and the trust are built by the knowledge that accountants are bound by a professional code of ethics.If the professions to survive and brandish and if its members are to maintain their position, there has to be a code of conduct so that the public are able to bring down that they can trust accountant. A distinguishing mark of the accountancy profession is its acceptance of the tariff to act in the public interest. Therefore, a professional accountants responsibility is not exclusively to satisfy the needs of an individual client or employer. In acting in the public interest a professional accountant should observe and comply with the ethical requirements of this Code.